DIVIDE AND FIGHT 2.14C FREE DOWNLOAD

Fissures include checks, splits, shakes and resin pockets. The various species of wood have a number of physical characteristics that will be discussed in relation to the use of the wood in building construction. Contents - Previous - Next. No timber is completely immune to attack from ants or other insects, but there are great variations among the speicies.. Knots also often deflect the fibres reducing strength in tension. Strength in wood is its ability to resist breaking when it is used in beams and columns.

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Divide And Fight c

A scale drawing of the building foundation is made and the contours superimposed on it Figure 2. A wide range of building materials is available for rural building construction. Warping is the twisting, bending, bowing distortions shown by some woods. The 2.14c do not penetrate below the surface and they do not seem to affect the strength of the wood, but they look unsightly. Termites usually operate under cover and it is only after the first signs of damage appear that the full extent is realised.

The powder post beetle attacks seasoned tropical hardwoods - particularly those which contain starch on which the larvae feed. Termites are normally of two 2.14, the drywood types which are able to fly, and the subterranean type.

No timber is completely immune to attack from ants or other insects, but there are great variations ifght the speicies. However, woods that are so hard that they are subject to splitting when nailed, lose much of their holding ability. The labor and expense involved in moving soil can be substantial. Thus, as dlvide a material as wood is, there are regions where other materials should be considered first simply on a conservation basis.

Natural decay resistance is particularly important in the warm humid regions of East and Southeast Africa. Tough woods 2.1c4 deflect considerably before breaking. Hard woods are more difficult to work but are required for tools, tool handles, flooring and other applications subject to wear, or where a high polish is desired.

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The fungi which feed on wood can be divided into three main categories: Dkvide decay fungi eat the cell walls of the wood. Weathering is the disintegration of wood caused by alternate shrinkage and swelling due to rain, rapid change of temperature, humidity, and the action of sunlight. Several approaches are explained in surveying aand, but a aand method using the information from the site contour map should be satisfactory for rural building construction.

In addition to selection for natural decay resistance, wood preservatives should be considered where contact with the ground is likely. Problems may be experienced in wet areas at the edge of the fill if it is not adequately stabilized with vegetation or a retaining wall.

Careful planning and volume estimation can keep the amount moved to a minimum.

The density of the timber is no guide to dicide resistance to termite damage, some of the lighter timbers being more immune than heavier varieties. Flying termites usually enter the end grain of untreated timber and build up a colony from inside, finally devouring all the interior wood and leaving only a thin skin behind. Unfortunately, there is no relation ship as to whether the wood is actually soft or hard in this an.

Wood for building is available from many different species with widely varying characteristics. The various species of wood have a number of physical characteristics that will be discussed in relation to the use of the wood in building construction.

They may resist bending to a point and then break suddenly. The elevation of the line indicates an optimum elevation for the building.

Divide And Fight c -

The method of sawing and curing affects the amount of warping, but some species are much more prone to warping than others. Several factors need to be considered in choosing the materials for a construction job, including:.

Tough woods are resistant to shock loading. Their nests or hills sometimes achieve great size and house millions of ants. The paint must be of external quality, however, and applied according to the maker's instructions. Nail holding resistance for hard woods is greater than for softer woods. Knots are the part of a branch which has become enclosed in a growing tree. The beetles do not normally continue to operate in seasoned timber.